swrlapi: Недопустимый предикат атома SWRL «Человек»

При запуске правила SWRL я получаю swrlapi Invalid SWRL atom predicate 'Person'.

Большинство справки предлагает такие вещи, как добавление "Person" в онтологию. Я думаю, что я сделал это, но я хочу быть уверен.

Моя онтология — это учебник для черепах с некоторыми изменениями:

@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix owl2: <http://www.w3.org/2006/12/owl2#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@base <http://example.com/owl/families#> .


###########################################
# Object properties
###########################################

<hasAncestor> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
        owl:TransitiveProperty ,
        owl2:IrreflexiveProperty .

<hasChild> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <hasAncestor> ;
    rdfs:domain <Person> ;
    rdfs:range <Person> ;
    owl:equivalentProperty <child> .

_:x0 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <hasGender> ;
    owl:hasValue <female> .
_:x1 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:intersectionOf (<Person> _:x0) .
<hasDaughter> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:range _:x1 ,
        <Person> ;
    rdfs:domain <Person> ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <hasChild> ;
    rdfs:domain <Parent> ;
    owl2:disjointObjectProperties <hasSon> .

<hasGender> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .

<hasHusband> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
    owl:inverseOf <hasWife> .

<hasSon> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty .
_:x3 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <hasGender> ;
    owl:hasValue <male> .
_:x4 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:intersectionOf (<Person> _:x3) .
<hasSon> rdfs:range _:x4 ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <hasChild> ;
    rdfs:range <Person> ;
    rdfs:domain <Person> ,
        <Parent> .

<hasSpouse> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
        owl:SymmetricProperty ,
        owl2:IrreflexiveProperty .

<hasWife> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ,
        owl:InverseFunctionalProperty ,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ,
        owl2:AsymmetricProperty ,
        owl2:IrreflexiveProperty ;
    rdfs:domain <Person> ;
    rdfs:range <Person> ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <loves> ;
    rdfs:range <Woman> ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <hasSpouse> ;
    rdfs:domain <Man> .

<loves> rdf:type owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain <Person> .

###########################################
# Data properties
###########################################

<hasAge> rdf:type owl:DatatypeProperty ,
        owl:FunctionalProperty ;
    rdfs:domain <Person> ;
    rdfs:range xsd:integer ;
    owl:equivalentProperty <age> .

###########################################
# Classes
###########################################

<Adult> rdf:type owl:Class .
_:x5 rdf:type owl2:DataRange ;
    owl2:onDataRange xsd:integer ;
    owl2:minInclusive "21"^^xsd:int .
_:x6 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <hasAge> ;
    owl:someValuesFrom _:x5 .
_:x7 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:intersectionOf (<Person> _:x6) .
<Adult> owl:equivalentClass _:x7 ,
        <Grownup> .

<Child> rdf:type owl:Class .
_:x8 rdf:type owl2:DataRange ;
    owl2:onDataRange xsd:integer ;
    owl2:minInclusive "21"^^xsd:int .
_:x9 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <hasAge> ;
    owl:someValuesFrom _:x8 .
_:x10 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:complementOf _:x9 .
_:x11 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:intersectionOf (<Person> _:x10) .
<Child> owl:equivalentClass _:x11 .

<CivilMarriage> rdf:type owl:Class .

<Man> rdf:type owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <Parent> .
_:x12 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <hasGender> ;
    owl:hasValue <male> .
_:x13 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:intersectionOf (<Person> _:x12) .
<Man> owl:equivalentClass _:x13 .

<Marriage> rdf:type owl:Class .
_:x14 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:unionOf (<CivilMarriage> <ReligiousMarriage>) .
<Marriage> owl:equivalentClass _:x14 .

<Narcissist> rdf:type owl:Class .
_:x15 rdf:type owl2:SelfRestriction ;
    owl:onProperty <loves> .
_:x16 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:intersectionOf (_:x15 <Person>) .
<Narcissist> owl:equivalentClass _:x16 .

<Parent> rdf:type owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <Parent> .
_:x17 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <hasChild> ;
    owl2:onClass <Person> ;
    owl:minCardinalityQ "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .
_:x18 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:intersectionOf (<Person> _:x17) .
<Parent> owl:equivalentClass _:x18 .

<Person> rdf:type owl:Class ;
    rdf:about "Person"^^xsd:string ;
    rdf:ID "Person"^^xsd:string ;
    rdfs:label "Person"^^xsd:string .
_:x19 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:oneOf (<female> <male>) .
_:x20 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <hasGender> ;
    owl:allValuesFrom _:x19 .
_:x21 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <hasGender> ;
    owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .
_:x22 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <hasAge> ;
    owl:cardinality "1"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .
_:x23 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:intersectionOf (_:x20 _:x21 _:x22) .
<Person> rdfs:subClassOf _:x23 .

<ReligiousMarriage> rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:disjointWith <CivilMarriage> .

<Teenager> rdf:type owl:Class .
_:x24 rdf:type owl2:DataRange ;
    owl2:minInclusive "13"^^xsd:int ;
    owl2:maxExclusive "20"^^xsd:int ;
    owl2:onDataRange xsd:integer .
_:x25 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <hasAge> ;
    owl:someValuesFrom _:x24 .
_:x26 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:intersectionOf (<Person> _:x25) .
<Teenager> owl:equivalentClass _:x26 .

<Woman> rdf:type owl:Class ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <Parent> .
_:x27 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <hasGender> ;
    owl:hasValue <female> .
_:x28 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:intersectionOf (<Person> _:x27) .
<Woman> owl:equivalentClass _:x28 .

<YoungChild> rdf:type owl:Class .
_:x29 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:unionOf (<Adult> <Teenager>) .
_:x30 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:complementOf _:x29 .
_:x31 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:intersectionOf (<Person> _:x30) .
<YoungChild> owl:equivalentClass _:x31 .

###########################################
# Individuals
###########################################

# Bill
_:x32 rdf:type owl:Class ;
    owl:complementOf <Narcissist> .
<Bill> rdf:type _:x32 ;
    <hasAge> "13"^^xsd:integer ;
    <hasGender> <male> .

# Ellen
_:x33 rdf:type owl2:DataRange ;
    owl2:minInclusive "15"^^xsd:int ;
    owl2:onDataRange xsd:integer ;
    owl2:maxInclusive "21"^^xsd:int .
_:x34 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <hasAge> ;
    owl:someValuesFrom _:x33 .
<Ellen> rdf:type _:x34 .

# Emily
_:x35 rdf:type owl2:DataRange ;
    owl:oneOf ("39"^^xsd:integer "49"^^xsd:integer) .
_:x36 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <hasAge> ;
    owl:someValuesFrom _:x35 .
<Emily> rdf:type _:x36 .

# Jack
_:x37 rdf:type owl2:NegativeDataPropertyAssertion ;
    rdf:subject <Jack> ;
    rdf:predicate <hasAge> ;
    rdf:object "53"^^xsd:integer .

# Jeff
_:x38 rdf:type owl:Restriction ;
    owl:onProperty <hasChild> ;
    owl:cardinality "2"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger .
<Jeff> rdf:type _:x38 ;
    <hasAge> "77"^^xsd:integer ;
    <hasChild> <Ellen> ;
    <hasWife> <Emily> ;
    <loves> <Jeff> ;
    <hasChild> <Jack> .

# John
<John> rdf:type <Person> ;
    <hasDaughter> <Susan> ;
    <hasGender> <male> ;
    <hasWife> <Mary> ;
    <hasSon> <Bill> ;
    <hasAge> "33"^^xsd:integer ;
    owl:sameAs <Jack> .

# Mary
<Mary> <hasAge> "31"^^xsd:integer ;
    <hasGender> <female> ;
    <hasSon> <Bill> ;
    <hasDaughter> <Susan> .

# Susan
<Susan> <hasAge> "8"^^xsd:integer ;
    <hasGender> <female> .

<female> owl:sameAs <feminine> .
<male> owl:sameAs <masculine> .

###########################################
# General axioms
###########################################

_:x39 rdf:type owl:AllDifferent;
    owl:distinctMembers (<John> <Mary> <Bill> <Susan>).

_:x40 rdf:type owl:AllDifferent;
    owl:distinctMembers (<Jeff> <Emily> <Jack> <Ellen> <Susan>) .

_:x41 rdf:type owl:AllDifferent;
    owl:distinctMembers (<male> <female>) .

# The following representation passes validation, but does not conform to the Turtle specification.
#(<hasSpouse> <hasSon>) rdfs:subPropertyOf <hasSon> .
_:x42 rdf:first <hasSon> ;
    rdf:rest rdf:nil .
_:x43 rdf:type rdf:List ;
    rdf:first <hasSpouse> ;
    rdf:rest _:x42 ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <hasSon> .

# The following representation passes validation, but does not conform to the Turtle specification.
#(<hasSpouse> <hasDaughter>) rdfs:subPropertyOf <hasDaughter> .
_:x44 rdf:first <hasDaughter> ;
    rdf:rest rdf:nil .
_:x45 rdf:type rdf:List ;
    rdf:first <hasSpouse> ;
    rdf:rest _:x44 ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <hasDaughter> .

Я сделал следующее, чтобы попытаться исправить это:

  • Я изменил префикс f, чтобы он стал базовым префиксом, потому что я думал, что, возможно, мои правила Черепахи будут распознавать только базовый префикс в онтологии.
  • Основываясь на комментарии к ответу здесь, я добавил manager.getOntologyFormat(ontology).asPrefixOWLOntologyFormat().setDefaultPrefix(base + "#") после определения своей онтологии и прежде чем я добавлю механизм правил.
  • После прочтения это я добавил rdf:about rdf:ID и rdfs:label к объявлению "Person"

Тем не менее, я все еще получаю Invalid SWRL atom predicate 'Person', когда запускаю следующую команду и делаю вывод:

SWRLRule rule = ruleEngine.createSWRLRule("IsSenior-Rule",
              "Person(?p) ^ hasAge(?p, ?age) ^ swrlb:greaterThan(?age, 60) -> Senior(?p)");

owl turtle-rdf swrl owl-api swrlapi
person jaxoncreed    schedule 12.07.2018    source источник
comment
Прочитав это, я добавил rdf:about rdf:ID и rdfs:label к объявлению Person -› это явно неправильно, rdf:about и rdf:ID в основном являются частью сериализации RDF/XML.   -  person UninformedUser    schedule 13.07.2018
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А ваша онтология невалидна OWL, откройте ее в Protege и увидите много ошибок синтаксического анализа.   -  person UninformedUser    schedule 13.07.2018
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Добавление правила будет работать, если вы добавите класс Senior. SWRL для логического вывода, он не может изобретать сущности, т.е. все сущности должны существовать, т.е. как минимум должен быть объявлен их тип. например, <Senior> a owl:Class .   -  person UninformedUser    schedule 13.07.2018